摘要:本实验以灵芝、金针菇为出发株，灵芝、金针菇单独发酵和混菌发酵，检测灵芝、金针菇及混菌胞外多糖和胞内、外三萜物质含量，采用薄层层析法，探讨灵芝、金针菇胞外多糖的组成。结果表明，灵芝、金针菇混菌发酵胞外多糖含量为13.26 mg/mL，比灵芝单独培养提高了34.2 %，比金针菇单独培养多糖含量提高了67.4 %；灵芝、金针菇混菌发酵胞内三萜类物质含量为1.44 mg/g，比灵芝单独培养提高了16.1 %，比金针菇单独培养提高了73.5 %；胞外三萜类物质含量为0.217 mg/mL，比灵芝单独培养提高了21.2%，比金针菇单独培养提高了72.2 %。薄层层析结果显示，最合适的展层剂组成氯仿：甲醇=6:4，灵芝多糖水解最适的酸是硫酸，最适水解时间是1.5小时，灵芝胞外多糖主要由葡萄糖、果糖、木糖、半乳糖组成，可能含有甘露糖，金针菇多糖主要由葡萄糖、半乳糖组成，可能含有甘露糖。

关键词  灵芝；金针菇；混菌发酵；多糖；三萜类物质；薄层层析

Abstract:In order to find out the structures of extracellular polysaccharide in ganoderma lucidum, flammulina velutiper, this experiment uses ganoderma lucidum and flammulina velutiper as starting strains to activated training by mixed culture fermentation technology detected the content of extracellular polysaccharide and intracellular and exocellular terpene.The results showed that, the content of extracellular polysaccharide in mixed bacteria is 13.26 mg/mL,which increased 34.2% than in ganoderma lucidum cultured singly, 67.4% than in flammulina  velutiper cultured singly; the content of intracellular terpene is 1.44 mg/g, which increased 16.1% than in ganoderma lucidum cultured singly, 73.5% than in flammulina velutiper cultured singly; the content of exocellular terpene is 0.217 mg/mL, which increased 21.12% than in ganoderma lucidum cultured singly, 72.2% than in flammulina velutiper cultured singly; The results of thin-layer chromatography showed that, the best reagents for it is chloroform : methanol=6:4; the best acid for polysaccharide hydrolyzation is H2SO4; the best time for polysaccharide hydrolyzation is 1.5 hours; the extracellular polysaccharide in ganoderma lucidum mainly contained glucose, fructose,xylose and galactose,mannose was also probably contained; the extracellular polysaccharide in flammulina velutiper mainly contained glucose and galactose, mannose was also probably contained.

Keywords  Ganoderma  lucidum Flammulina velutiper  Mixed fermentation  polysaccharide   terpene  thin-layer chromatography