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摘要:核桃属世界著名的四大坚果之一,营养价值甚为丰富,含有大量人体所必需的脂肪酸,因此,近年来已成为研究的热点。本研究通过分析核桃不饱和脂肪酸的动态含量变化及氧化损失率,进行核桃不饱和脂肪酸氧化稳定性研究。以云南纸皮核桃为实验材料,利用Schaal烘箱法,即在60℃高温下对核桃进行加速氧化,定期取样,用气相色谱测定核桃在高温下和常温下的脂肪酸含量变化并进行分析对比,同时测定核桃油脂过氧化值的变化,利用外推法研究核桃油脂的稳定性情况。结果表明在60℃下核桃各脂肪酸的含量均呈下降趋势,过氧化值升高。在三种脂肪酸含量变化中,亚油酸的含量最多但变化不大,趋于稳定。核桃在60℃高温下脂肪酸含量均下降,更易氧化;在60℃高温下贮藏的核桃经货架期推算到常温可以保存1年左右。 关键词:核桃、不饱和脂肪酸、气相色谱、过氧化值、氧化稳定性
Abstract:Walnut is one of the world-famous four nuts, very rich in nutritional value, containing a large number of fatty acids necessary for the body, therefore, in recent years has become a hot topic. In this study, using gas chromatography analysis walnut unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, the dynamic content changes, re-use of extrapolation walnut oil stability, in order to be able to obtain better way to extend the walnut storagelife and eating quality. In my study, Yunnan paper skin walnuts used as experimental materials to carry out the Schaal oven method, namely, sampling the walnuts on a regular basis in the high temperature of 60 ℃, gas chromatographic analysis of walnut and compare the fatty acid content in the high temperature and room temperature, of Walnutthe lipid peroxidation values, use the extrapolation of the stability of walnut oils. The results showed that walnut showed a downward trend of the various fatty acid content, peroxide value increased at 60 ℃, linoleic acid content of up to but not significantly stabilized. Walnut fatty acid content in the high temperature of the 60℃ decreased more easily oxidized;Walnut storage temperature of 60℃ to room temperature can save about 1 year shelf life protection. Keywords: Walnuts; Unsaturated fat acid; GC
在60℃条件下,核桃各脂肪酸含量随贮藏时间的延长呈现下降的趋势,过氧化值随贮藏时间的延长呈现上升的趋势,且趋势明显。在三种脂肪酸中,属亚油酸的稳定性较好,其含量最多;而亚麻酸稳定性相对较差。 根据温度与货架寿命系数的关系表,并结合过氧化值,推算出在60℃条件下核桃常温的货架寿命,除却第35天,其他天数的所有核桃都可贮藏1年左右。虽然没有超过规定油脂过氧化值的上限,但其食用品质已下降,开始出现不同程度的氧化现象。 综合脂肪酸含量和过氧化值变化,可知高温能够明显加快脂肪酸的氧化速度,使油脂更快地发生氧化酸败或水解酸败,继而发生变质,破坏核桃的食用品质和贮藏寿命。此外,从本实验的研究过程与结果可以证实,烘箱法是研究油脂氧化稳定性一个有效简便的方法,温度是影响油脂发生酸败的一个直接因素,合适的温度对抑制核桃油脂发生酸败,更好地维持核桃的食用品质和贮藏寿命起着关键性的作用。
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