摘要:基于节点度的拓扑控制是无线传感器网络中基于功率的拓扑控制的典型方法。从节点度的角度进行拓扑构造，对网络的拓扑性能如连通性、覆盖性等有显著影响。本文重点研究了典型算法LMA，该算法是基于局部信息的分布式算法，通过调节每个节点的发射功率，控制它的节点度落在一个给定的范围内，从而优化节点之间的拓扑连接，延长网络的生命周期。经OMNeT4.0++平台仿真实验表明： LMA算法能够自适应地实现网络节点度的调节，在满足网络连通的前提下降低全网的能耗，该算法具有一定推广应用价值。

关键词：无线传感器网络；拓扑控制；功率控制；节点度

Abstract:The topological control based on node degrees in wireless sensor networks is the typical method based on power control. From the angle of the node degree to structure the network, this method has a significant effect on the topological properties such as connectivity, coverage, etc. This paper mainly studies the typical algorithm LMA, which is a kind of distributed algorithm based on the local information. LMA controls the node degree of each node in a given range by adjusting the node’s transmitted power, so as to optimize the topology and prolong the lifetime of the network. The LMA simulation experiment in OMNeT4.0 + + platform shows that the algorithm can realize network nodes adaptively adjust to satisfy the degree. Under the premise of network connectivity, the energy consumption is reduced and this algorithm has certain application value.

Keywords: wireless sensor network; Topology control; Power control; Node degree

　　　拓扑控制是指构造一个优化的拓扑结构：在满足网络覆盖度和连通度的前提下，通过功率控制和骨干网选择，剔除节点之间不必要的通信链路，形成一个数据转发的优化网络结构，使网络具有最优的能耗效率，兼顾通信干扰、网络延迟、鲁棒性等其他性能。拓扑控制技术是无线传感器网络中最关键最重要的技术之一。由于无线传感器网络具有大规模、自组织、随机部署、环境复杂、传感器节点资源有限、网络拓扑经常发生变化等特点，研究如何构造出一个高性能的拓扑网络以延长网络生命周期成为一项挑战性的课题。因此，网络的拓扑控制与优化在无线传感器网络研究中具有十分重要的意义。