摘 要:进入21世纪，中国经济保持稳定的发展速度继续向前，人们对生活的品质要求越来高，对能源的需求也越来越大，迫使每年从国外进口大量的原油和天然气，中国也成为了继美国之后的第二大能源进口国。为满足原油加工企业存贮和持续生产的需要，各企业会保有大量的储罐用来存放原油或成品油；在对原油进行深加工之前，还需要除去原油所含的某些固定杂质，如沙砾等，还需要大量过程罐来存放处理前后的原油或污水。 为满足国家相应的环保、安全施工要求、保证罐体的存储安全和油品的质量，对大型油罐的清洗也成为目前各企业的当务之急，以往的人工清洗已经不能满足现行的安全清洗要求，因此在本方案中将以旋转冲击式清洗（机械清洗）作为清洗的大型油罐的清洗方式。针对内浮顶储油罐传统的人工清洗方法存在的施工工期长、人员劳动强度大、安全性差原油回收率低等缺点，研究出一套内浮顶储油罐机械清洗技术。机械清洗系统主要由旋转部分、提升部分、喷刷部分、回转臂等几个组成部分，详细介绍了内浮顶储油罐机械清洗的具体步骤。与人工清洗相比，机械清洗技术施工工期可缩短 1/2，施工人员数量大大减少，安全风险及人员劳动强度得到有效降低，该技术可为内浮顶成品油储罐的清洗提供参考。 

关键词： 大型油罐；回转臂；喷油小车；回转支承；三角形桁架等

ABSTRACT:Entering the 21st century, the development of China's economy remained stable speed to move on, to people's life quality requirements high, the demand for energy is growing, forcing a large amount of crude oil and natural gas is imported from abroad every year, China became the second largest country after the United States energy importers. To meet the needs of the crude oil storage and continuous production of processing enterprises, each enterprise will retain a large number of tanks used to store crude oil or petroleum products; Before for crude oil deep processing, also need to remove oil contains some impurities, such as sand, also need a lot of cans to store process before and after processing of crude oil or water. To meet the corresponding national environmental protection, safety and construction requirements, to ensure that the tank storage security and the quality of the product, for large oil tank cleaning has become the priority of each enterprise at present, past artificial cleaning has already cannot satisfy the current safety requirement, so in this plan will be to rotate the impingement cleaning, mechanical cleaning) as a large oil tank cleaning method of cleaning. For inner floating roof oil tank of traditional manual cleaning methods of long construction period, personnel labor intensity, low oil recovery is poor security, developed a set of inner floating roof oil tank cleaning technology machinery. Mechanical cleaning system is mainly composed of rotating parts, parts, painted and rotating arm part, mechanical cleaning inner floating roof oil tank are introduced in detail the specific steps. Compared with the artificial cleaning, mechanical cleaning technology construction period can be reduced 1/2, construction personnel amount is greatly reduced, security risk, and personnel to effectively reduce the labor intensity, the technology can provide a reference for inner floating roof oil tank cleaning.

Key words: large oil tank; Rotating arm; Spray car; Slewing bearing; Triangle truss and so on