内容摘要：作为现代民事诉讼中的一项重要制度，反诉制度的法律内涵极其丰富。世界范围内的大多数国家均已确立了反诉制度。相较于国外而言，我国《民事诉讼法》对于反诉制度的规定过于简单和分散，在司法实践中缺乏统一的标准，这严重影响了反诉制度功能的发挥及其正确适用，因此我国的反诉制度亟需完善。制度的建构离不开理论的指导，本文拟从反诉制度的基本理论着手，在结合其他国家的立法例和我国司法实践的基础上，着重对反诉牵连性问题进行比较研究和理论探讨，以期从理论层面进一步明确反诉提起的实质要件，从而真正地发挥反诉制度在现代民事诉讼中应有的作用。

关键词：反诉制度 牵连性 比较法 类型化分析

Abstract: As an important system of modern civil action, the counterclaim system has the extremely rich legal connotation。Now the counterclaim system has been established in the world and China is no exception. However, Chinese counterclaim legislation is too brief and scattered, lacks of unified standards in judicial practice. It has badly affected the realization of the counterclaim system’s function and correctly applied. So our counterclaim system is urged to be improved. System construction can’t do without the guidance of theory. This paper analyzes the basic theories of the counterclaim system and, at the same time, emphasize on more research and theory study on implicate of the counterclaim by combining legislative cases of related nations and the judicial fulfillment of our country. By this way, we want to clarify the substantial requirement of the counterclaim from the theoretical level, and make it play its proper rules in modern civil action.

Key words: The Counterclaim System, Implicate, Comparison Perspective, Typed Analysis