摘要：蔡元培与陈独秀是中国近代教育事业的先驱，都对中国近代教育的发展做出了重大的贡献，他们的教育思想不仅在当时产生了重要影响，对于我们今天的教育改革仍然有较大的启发借鉴作用。蔡元培与陈独秀的教育思想的逐步形成都受当时的时代背景的深刻影响，在受到中国传统文化教育与西方民主平等思想的熏陶的情况下，结合中国的具体实际而形成完善。他们都对当时原有的旧的教育理论进行了变革，分别提出了新的教育方针，“五育并举，和谐发展”和“四大主义”。同时对于具体的教育内容也提出了新的要求，蔡元培强调“健全人格，分为德育、体育、智育、美育四项”，陈独秀对教育内容的变革与蔡元培相似，他同样强调德智体三育并重，“蒙学莫急于德育，而体育次之；若智育，则成量之后未晚也”。另外对于旧的教育方法两人也都提出了新的要求，反对灌入式的教法，主张启发式教学。

关键词：蔡元培；  陈独秀；  历史条件；  教育思想；  比较

Abstract: CAI yuanpei and Chen duxiu was a pioneer of the modern Chinese education career，they made a significant contribution to the development of modern Chinese education，their education ideology not only had important influence at that time, for our education reform today there is still a big inspiration。Gradually formed educational thought by Cai and Chen have a profound impact on the historical background of the time，in the case of being influenced by Chinese traditional culture education equality ideology and Western democracy, and to form a perfect combination of Chinese actual conditions。They made a chang on all of the original old education theory ，respectively， puts forward a new education policy，“the five domains simultaneously， harmonious development” and“four-ism”。At the same time they also put forward new requirements for a specific education content ，CAI yuanpei stressed that “healthy personality， can be divided into four：moral education，physical education，intellectual education， aesthetic education”，Chen duxiu’s contents of the education reform and CAI yuanpei’s are similar， he emphasized three education of morality，intelligence and physique，and“poor elements don't rush to the moral education， and sports，if intellectual education，is after the quantity not too late”。In addition to the old method of education they also have put forward new demands， opposition poured-style teaching, advocated heuristic teaching。

Key words: CAI yuanpei;  Chen duxiu;  historical conditions;  educational thought; comparison