摘要：我国国有企业由于集权治理，治理者水平有待提高，计划经济体制的长期影响以及人力资源治理混乱，资金投入不足等原因导致冗员，决策不科学，缺乏民主等一系列问题。私有企业在改革开放以后迅猛发展，逐步成为国民经济的重要构成部分。私有企业治理也面临了诸多问题，如监事会形同虚设、独立董事制度不足、以及家族式治理造成的治理水平较低等。本课题主要解决市场经济社会国企治理和私有企业治理各自有什么特点，两者之间有什么区别，以便对市场经济社会下的国企治理加以区别规制。

关键词：国有企业 私有企业 治理结构

Abstract:  Centralized management, insufficient managers and the long-term influence of planned economics system have led to dead stuff, inscientific decisions, lacking of democracy and many other problems in our state- owned enterprises, chaotic human resources management and the shortage of fund are of course the reasons of the series problems. Private enterprises have been developing rapidly and gradually been an important part of our national economy since the openning-up. Meanwhile, private enterprises still have many troubles like empty supervisory boards, the insufficient independent director system and the insufficient management which results from patriarch based management.  The paper aims to discover the characters and differences of the managements of state- owned enterprises and private ones in the current market economy and hope to give a hand to the specification of state-owned enterprises' management.

Key words:  State- owned enterprise, private enterprise, governance structure.

　　通过比较，我们看到两种不同体质下的企业，虽然各有优势和劣势，但都必须在我国市场经济发展和社会经济变革的浪潮中不断改进自己。因此我认为应该特别改变一下几个方面的问题：1、国有企业：（1）固有企业应加快改革步伐，转变经营机制，真正实行现代企业制度。（2）消除对市场缺乏敏感性，反应迟钝，对信息漠不关心的现状，对市场的变化立刻做出反应，强化企业工作效率。（3）通过经营机制转变员工晋升和薪酬治理的制度改革，培养员工的责任心。（4）坚决改变过去那种政企不分，经营目标模糊的状态，客服内耗的弊端。2、私有企业：（1）转变为规范治理，规范经营的企业模式吗，运用现代企业的治理理念，取缔随机性的企业治理体制。（2）私有企业主要开拓个人视野，提升素质，提高自身的决策能力，尽量减少决策风险。（3）客服家族化的倾向，善于招贤纳士，敢于赋予贤能权利，开放贤能进入治理层的通道。（4）防止盲目的扩张和投资，注意风险投资，想理性发展方向发展。