摘要

磷酸作为一种重要的化工商品，也是制取各种磷化工产品和高浓度磷肥不可缺少的化工原料，在无机化工中占有举足轻重的地位。热法磷酸是在一定温度下，用碳还原磷矿中的磷，即先制备为单质磷——黄磷，再用黄磷氧化吸收生成磷酸。由于其低污染、节约生产成本、产品品质高、资源可再生等优点，目前世界对热法磷酸的需求正在不断增长。本设计重点在于特种燃烧炉的设计与校核，该炉体为圆柱型结构，且被上升管所包围，安装磷喷枪的炉体采用水箱式结构，上封头采用锥形内封头外加冷却水箱结构，下封头采用双层椭圆封头结构，整个炉体采用裙座支撑。本设计在基本参数给定的情况下，先后进行了磷的燃烧计算，热平衡计算，外混式燃磷塔喷嘴计算，锅筒强度校核，集箱强度校核，水循环计算和对流受热面相关计算。最终确定各种尺寸参数，进行炉体、汽包、冷却水箱、燃烧器、上下集箱的结构绘图。

关键字：磷酸；热法磷酸；磷燃烧计算；热平衡计算；喷嘴计算；强度校核；水循环计算；结构绘图

Abstract：Phosphoric acid is not only an important chemical commodity, but also an essential chemical raw materials of making all kinds of chemical products and high concentration phosphate fertilizer, it also plays a decisive role in Inorganic chemistry. thermal phosphoric acid is the way which makes Elemental phosphorus (yellow phosphorus) as raw materials and then generate phosphate by the combustion oxidation, hydration and absorption. The burning phosphorus furnace can absorb the generated heat based on improving the efficiency of production of phosphoric acid. In today's energy saving policies, it is of great significance. The case focuses on the design and verification of special combustion furnace. the furnace is a cylindrical structure, and the rising pipe is Membrane wall, the furnace body to install burners uses the structure with water tank type. The top gland uses cone-shape inner gland in addition to the structure of the cooling water. The bottom gland uses the double layer Butterfly gland structure. The entire furnace body is supported by the group place. Under the basic parameters of a giving case , the design has taken phosphorus combustion calculation, heat balance calculation, spray nozzle calculation of the phosphoric acid tower, drum strength calculation , water cycle calculation and the calculation of a superheater. Ultimately, in order to taking the structure drawing of furnace, boiler, cooling water tank, burner, superheater, all the parameters of various sizes should be determined.

Key words：Phosphoric acid  thermal phosphoric acid  phosphorus combustion calculation  heat balance calculation  spray nozzle calculation  strength calculation  water cycle calculation  superheater calculation structure drawing