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摘要:随着改革开放的不断深入和我国社会经济建设的飞速发展,我国居民的收入水平在逐步提高,同时个人间收入的差距也在不断扩大,贫富两极化已到了相当严重的程度。由于纳税意识淡薄和征管方式落后,更由于高收入者收入渠道多、转移分摊形式多变、隐蔽性强、现金交易量大、各种灰色黑色交易频繁,制约着高收入者个人所得税征管力度,目前对高收入者的调节和征管未能到位,影响个人所得税作用的充分发挥,造成大量高收入者个人所得税流失。这不仅对国家财政收入造成极大损失,也破坏了税收调节贫富不均的作用,不利于社会经济持续、健康和稳定的发展。 本文以高收入者个人所得税征管现状的相关理论为基础,通过对国内外高收入者个人所得税征管和治理的研究总结,并对我国高收入者当前个人所得税征管现状及存在的问题进行研究与分析,从理论和实践相结合的角度进行了深入、系统的研究,找出了适合我国高收入者个人所得税发展的一些有效对策。 关键词: 高收入者;纳税意识;税收制度
Abstract:With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up and the rapid development of Chinese social and economic construction, Chinese income level to gradually improve, while personal income gap is also expanding the wealth polarization of a very serious extent. As the weak awareness of tax collection and management of the way backward,assessed to be dynamic and more high revenue streams, transfer, concealment and the large amount of cash- transactions,a variety of gray and black transactions are frequent, restricting the personal income tax collection and management of high earners, regulation and administration of high earners can not place, give full play to the role of personal income tax, resulting in the loss of personal income tax of a large number of high income earners. This is not only cause great loss of state revenue, but also undermines the role of tax regulation of the gap between rich and poor is not conducive to the sustained, healthy and stable development of socio-economic. High individual income tax collection and the status quo theory, summarize the individual income tax collection and treatment of domestic and international high earners, and the high earners current personal income tax collection and the status quo and problems of research and analysisfrom a combination of theoretical and practical point of view in-depth, systematic research to identify effective countermeasures suitable for the development of Chinese high individual income tax. Key words: high earners;tax awareness;the tax system
本文研究的目的与意义 加强个人所得税的征管,完善其制度。一方面能体现个人所得税对税收制度实施有效的程度;另一方面,也体现出个人所得税征管手段是税制实施征管能力的内在因素,同时也是社会稳定的“调节器”。研究改革和完善个人所得税制度时,重视其征管方法和手段,针对不同收入水平的征收,特别是对高收入人群征收与监控,增加财政收入,增强财政的调节,关注弱势群体,帮助困难群众走出困境,是我国各级政府和财政部门当前及今后一段时间的工作重点。也体现出先富带动后富的社会主义优越性。 在市场经济体制下,我国已逐渐从一个收入比较均等的国家转变成一个收入差距较大的国家。近些年,个人所得税不仅是我国财政收入的重要来源,更肩负着调节收入差距的重任,国家可以通过个人所得税的转移支付功能,让高收入者多纳税以缓解社会贫富不均,在再分配领域调节贫富差距,使个人所得税发挥着收入“调节器”和“安全阀”的作用。然而,事实证明我国高收入者并没有成为国家个人所得税的纳税主体。由于纳税意识淡薄和征管方式落后等原因,造成大量高收入者个人所得税流失。这不仅对国家财政收入造成极大损失,也破坏了税收调节贫富不均的作用,不利于社会经济持续、健康和稳定的发展。因此,加强个人所得税征收管理,强化对高收入者的税收调节,缓解社会收入分配不公矛盾,既是经济问题,更是社会问题和政治问题,具有重要意义。
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