内容摘要：我国《反垄断法》第五条指出：“经营者可以通过自由竞争、自愿联合，依法实施集中，扩大经营规模，提高市场竞争力。”本条是关于鼓励经营者合法集中，保护规模经济的原则。因为规模经济自身存在着极大的优势，可以提高企业乃至全社会的经济效益。但是规模经济进一步发展将会导致垄断产生，这就是所谓的“马歇尔冲突”。第五条作为《反垄断法》的总则性条款，其影响力辐射至分则各个部分，表明了整部《反垄断法》对于经营者集中和规模经济的立场和态度。第五条精神对于《反垄断法》的贯彻实施具有重要的地位、价值和作用。它向我们阐释了在我国独特的市场经济背景之下，应该如何正确对待规模经济和垄断的冲突。

关键词：反垄断法  第五条  规模经济  垄断  经营者集中  

Abstract: According to article 5 of our state’s anti-monopoly legislation, through free competition and voluntary alliance, operators have the right to concentrate, expand the scope of operation and improve market competitiveness within the limit of law. This article is the principle about protecting operators’ legitimate concentration and encouraging economies of scale. The scale economy, existing huge advantages itself, can benefit the economy of enterprises as well as the whole society. However, the further development of scale economy will lead to monopoly, which is the so-called "Marshall conflict". Article 5, as the general term of the anti-monopoly law, on structure and content, shows the attitude of the whole anti-monopoly legislation towards concentration and economies of scale. Article 5 is of great significance to the implementation of the anti-monopoly law, which further explains to us how to tackle the conflict between scale economy and monopoly against the background of our unique market economy.

Key words: anti-monopoly legislation, article 5, scale economy, monopoly, operators’ concentration