摘要:随着器官移植技术的日益成熟，我国的多项器官移植技术已经达到国际先进水平，然而关于器官移植的立法却没有跟上步伐，在很多方面都存在滞后性，甚至空白，极大地制约了我国人体器官移植临床救治工作和移植技术的发展。但是，器官移植不同于一般的医疗行为，它挑战了传统民法的理论框架，引起了民法理论上的争议，如器官在民事法律上的定位？器官捐赠行为在民事法律上的调整？人为何具有捐赠器官的权利？本文将对以上各种问题展开讨论，并且通过国外的器官捐赠、移植制度的借鉴，根据我国的实际情况，对我国建立器官移植制度提出若干设想，为构建我国的器官移植制度做出有益的探讨。

关键词：器官移植；器官捐赠；脑死亡

Abstract:With the development of organ transplantation technology, a number of organ transplant technology has reached the international advanced level. However, the legislation of organ transplantation has failed to keep pace. The legislation lagging and even legislation gap greatly restrict the development of both organ transplantation clinical treatment and organ transplantation technology. Organ transplantation is different from other common medical conduct. Its legislation has caused theory dispute of civil law and challenged the theory frame of traditional civil law. How to position organ in civil law? How to adjust organ donation behavior in civil law? Why human has the right to donate organ? This thesis is going to discuss the above questions and according to actual situation of China, put forward several hypotheses on building organ transplantation system by using the experience of organ donation and transplantation system of other countries for reference, contributing some beneficial studies on building organ transplantation in China. 

Key words：organ transplantation；organ donation；brain death