摘要:劳动法与民法属于两个独立的法律部门，当工伤事故发生时，往往存在着工伤保险赔偿请求权与普通民事赔偿请求权的竞合问题。而我国各立法机关主体对该问题的立法思路不同，导致国内对同一法律适用关系规定得相当混乱，不利于保护受害人的合法权益。对比分析国外的四种立法模式的优缺点，笔者赞同补充模式，本文从本单位侵权和第三人侵权两个角度入手，理清用人单位、工伤保险经办机构、受害人三方之间的关系，将主观过错引入对用人单位的惩罚机制当中，规范用人单位行为。通过分析《社会保险法》中先行支付制度和追索权制度的缺陷，提出完善社会保险制度的建议，更好地维护受害人权益。结合补充模式和社会保险法中的先行支付制度、追索权制度，以期更好地填补受害人损害，减轻经营者负担。

关键词：工伤保险；民事赔偿；法律适用

Abstract:Labor law and civil law are two separate legal department when work accidents, often there are competing injury insurance compensation claims and general civil compensation claims. Different ideas of each of China's legislature, the main body of the legislation, leading to considerable confusion domestic provisions on the same law applies to the relationship is not conducive to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the victim. Comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of foreign four legislative model, I agree with complementary modalities, starting from the infringement of this unit and the third infringement of two angles, sort out the employer, work injury insurance agencies, victim tripartite relationship between subjective fault of the introduction of the employer's punishment mechanism which regulate the behavior of the employer. By analyzing the Social Insurance Law "in the first payment system and deficiencies in the system of recourse to a complete set of recommendations of the social insurance system to better safeguard the rights of victims. Combined with supplementary advance payment system in the patterns and social insurance law, the recourse system, in order to better fill the victim harm, ease the burden on the operators.

Key words: Injury insurance；Civil compensation；The application of law

　　　工伤保险请求权与民事赔偿请求权的竞合问题由来已久，工伤保险的存在是为了弥补民事赔偿的缺陷和不足，但工伤保险赔偿赔付标准低，不全面，无法完全弥补受害人的损失，因此，民事赔偿作为二次救济的作用凸显出来。根据我国立法，工伤保险请求权和民事赔偿请求权之间法律关系的适用问题仍无明确的法律规定，这造成了受害者维权难。要切实保障劳动者的合法权益，必须理清两请求权的法律适用关系，首先，从学理上对其进行分析研究，剖析问题产生的根源和本质，为解决法律适用难题奠定基础。