摘要:本文分别用定态Schrödinger方程、光学类比两种方法求解微观粒子在一维方势垒中的透射几率。将两种求解方法进行比较，分析出光学类比求解方法展现粒子波函数势垒边界透射的真实过程，进一步分析透射波相位产生的原因。并将光学类比求解方法与因果律相结合，进一步解释透射波相位产生的根源。两种方法的比较、分析过程和结论，对我们理解粒子在势垒中的贯穿行为以及在势垒边界的散射问题是必不可少的。

关键词：微观粒子；定态Schrödinger方程；光学类比；透射几率；因果律

Abstract:In this paper, the transmission probability of microscopic particles in one-dimensional square potential barrier is calculated with the stationary Schrödinger equation and the optical analogy respectively. Unlike the stationary Schrödinger equation, the optical analogy shows the real process and the reason of phase delay that the particle wave transmits one-dimensional square potential barrier. With the optical analogy and causality, the phase delay of the transmission wave is further explained. The result of the paper is useful to understand the problems of the microscopic particles transmitting in the potential barrier and scattering on the boundary.

Keywords: Microscopic particles; Stationary state Schrödinger; Optical analogy; Transmission probability; Causality