摘要：中国解放战争时期，苏联的对华外交政策经历了以国民党政府为重点的对华外交政策到以中国共产党为重点的对华外交政策的转变。最初，在二战结束时，苏联为了履行《雅尔塔协定》的义务、获取在中国东北的利益，采取“扶蒋疏共”的政策，积极支持国民党政府统一中国，对中共态度非常冷淡。但是在内战爆发前至三大战役结束这一阶段，由于国民党政府不断推行亲美政策，苏联对国民党政府产生了反感，其对华政策转变为“平衡国共”力量，允许中共进入东北，以遏制国民党在东北乃至全国的势力扩展。三大战役至新中国成立这一阶段，苏联终于相信中共有能力取得全国革命的胜利，其对华政策又转变为 “疏蒋联共”，与国、共双方进行“双重外交”，全方位接触中共，扩大对中共的支援，并最终在新中国成立后与国民党政府断绝了外交关系。

关键词：解放战争  苏联  对华外交  国民党政府  中国共产党

Abstract：During Chinese Liberation War, the Soviet Union 's foreign policy toward China has experienced with the Kuomintang government focused on China 's foreign policy to shift the focus to the Communist Party of China 's foreign policy toward China . Initially, when the Second World War ended , the Soviet Union in order to fulfill their obligations " Yalta Agreement " , and obtain benefits in northeast China , to take " Support Chiang Kai-shek limit CCP " policy , and actively support the KMT government unified China , Communist Party of China is very cold treat. But before the outbreak of the Civil War to the end of this phase of the three campaigns, the Kuomintang government continued to implement pro-American policy , the Soviet offensive against the KMT government had its China policy to a " Balance of the KMT and the CCP " forces , allowing the CCP into the Northeast , to curb KMT forces in the Northeast and the country extensions .At the stage of three battles to the new China was founded, the Soviet Union finally believe the CCP has the ability to achieve total victory of the national revolution , its China policy has changed to " Alienate Chiang Kai-shek and combined with the Communist Party of China " and the countries of the two sides "double diplomacy" , full contact with the CCP , support the CCP's for the expansion , and eventually , after the founding of New China , The Soviet Union broke off diplomatic relations with the KMT government.

Keywords：Liberation War   Soviet Union   Policy toward China   KMT government   Communist Party of China