摘要：在文献研究和分析的基础上，结合自身学习及教学实践研究，首先对影响学生课堂发言的因素进行全面的猜测、分析和归类，并试图从小学语文、数学、外语课堂入手，通过观察、沟通与交流等方式，对猜测的影响因素进行验证及对教师的日常教学活动提出一些建议，以发挥其在实践中的指导意义。强调教师在教学中保持有“黎明的感觉”和培养学生“学习愿望”的重要性。藉此导正关于师生互动中教师与学生的关系及地位问题的误区，并确定教师应该是“平等中的首席”，即倡导教师应该充分发挥在教学中的主导作用。 

关键词：小学生、课堂发言、互动

Abstract：Based on the literary researches and analyses, this thesis combines with personal study and practical researches in teaching. Firstly,I try to systematically speculate ,analyze and categorize the reasons for the communications with teachers and students; Keeping to the points of Chinese ,maths ,and foreign language in primary school ,combined with the observation ,communication and exchanging with the teachers and students ,to vetify the influential factors for the situations of students'speeches and offer the teachers some suggestions in teaching. What's more ,it also points out that teachers should maintain the importance of" senses of dawn" in teaching and nurture  the students’ will to learn. In accordance with the above expositions,the paper here rectifies the misunderstandings of the problems of states and relationship s between students and teachers in the process of interactions . And it decides the teachers ‘chief places in terms of equality’,i.e .it promotes that teachers ought to play dominant roles to the full in teaching!

Key words : pupils ,students’ specches , comparison

师生积极有效的互动不仅是教学目标顺利达成的保障，更是对教师和学生的成长以及和谐的师生关系也有着重要的影响。师生积极互动首先需要教师的积极投入，进而调动班级学生的兴趣。课堂互动包括教师提出问题后学生的反应以及学生提出问题后教师的解答甚至全班同学的讨论。师生良好互动的一个重要标志就是学生在课堂上的积极发言和提出有价值的问题，本文主要研究课堂互动中学生对教师提出问题的反应。随着新课程改革的进一步推进，曾经“沉闷的课堂”却开始转向“热闹的课堂”另一极端，我们倡导“既热烈活跃又恬静严谨”的课堂。“走进课堂”观察小学生课堂发言情况，“跳出课堂”反思师生互动的问题及改进方法。