摘要：在翻译过程中，语境因素的确定在词语意思以及整个文章意思的总体把握中扮演着重要角色。它可以帮助译者准确理解源语言的意思，还可以帮助译者重新组织文章结构，理清源文章思路，做出正确的词义选择。然而由于词语意思的多样性以及词语褒贬义的复杂性，利用语境因素来确定词语的褒贬义就显得非常重要。本文首先分析了语境因素对词语褒贬意思的影响，然后再总结分析了一些褒贬义转换案例。

关键词：语境因素; 褒义；贬义

Contents

Acknowledgements

摘要

Abstract

Introduction.1

Ⅰ. Contextual Factors in the Process of Translation2

1.1 Cultural Context.2

1.2 Situational Context.2

1.3 Linguistic Context .4

1.4 Cognitive Context5

Ⅱ. General Division of Lexical Meaning6

2.1. Commendatory Term.7

2.2. Derogatory Term.8

2.3. Neutral Term8

Ⅲ. Effect of Contextual Factors on the Shift of Sense.9

3.1. Commendatory Converted to Derogatory10

3.2. Derogatory Converted to Commendatory11

3.3. Neutral Converted to Derogatory or Commendatory.12

Ⅵ. Cases of Shift Between Commendatory and Derogatory Sense12

4.1. Conventional (Established) Usage of Lexical Meaning12

4.2. Cases of Shift of Senses 13

4.2.1. Commendatory to Commendatory and Derogatory to Derogatory13

4.2.2. Commendatory to Derogatory and Derogatory to Commendatory14

4.2.3. Neutral to Commendatory or Derogatory and Commendatory or Derogatory to Neutral.15

Conclusion16

References.17