Abstract:A Rose for Emily is a very famous short story of William Faulkner. It based on the American Civil War and told us a story about a traditional southern noble girl---Emily, who killed her lover and lived lonely until died. This paper will try to analyze Emily’s tragic fate from the influences of the American Civil War，patriarchy，traditional southern civilization these three external factors, and analyze the influences of the two internal factors: Emily’s distorted personality and her character of lacking independence, then conclude that her tragedy is unavoidable.

Keywords: William Faulkner; Emily; Patriarchy; American Civil War; Tragic fate

摘 要:《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》是威廉﹒福克纳最为著名的短篇小说之一。它以美国南北战争背景，讲述的是一个南方贵族少女艾米丽从一个传统的窈窕淑女变为一个毒害自己情人的凶手,最终孤独度过自己悲惨一生的故事。本文通过分析美国南北战争、父权制度、南方的传统观念这三个外部因素对艾米丽命运的影响和艾米丽自身的扭曲性格和独立感的缺失这两个内部因素的对艾米丽的桎梏，从而揭示出其悲剧在双重因素的作用下是不可避免的。

关键词：威廉﹒福克纳；艾米丽；父权制度；美国内战；悲惨命运