Abstract:Ernest Hemingway is one of the most celebrated and outstanding novelists in world literature, who has a propound influence on literature in the 20th century. Hemingway portrays a confident and optimistic old fisherman called Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea. The novel has been studied from different perspectives by many critics at home and abroad. 

　　The thesis analyzes The Old Man and the Sea from the view of eco-criticism. It is divided into five parts. Chapter one is an introduction which states the development of eco-criticism and analyzes the formation of Hemingway’s ecological consciousness. Chapter two explores the harmonious relationship between human and nature by analysis of his description of the sea and sea creatures, and the ecological setting of the novel. Chapter three reveals the harmonious relationship among humans by analyzing the relationship between Santiago and others. In Chapter four, Santiago’s experience in the natural world recovers his mental balance. Chapter five concludes that Hemingway’s ecological consciousness is of great benefits to what our modern society advocates. 

　　Nowadays, with the deterioration of the natural environment and the construction of a harmonious society, this thesis has a great significance on attracting modern people’s attention on environmental problems and arousing people’s mental balance in society. 

Keywords: eco-criticism; The Old Man and the Sea; harmony

摘要:欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威是世界文学史上最杰出的小说家之一，他对20世纪的文学有着深远的影响。海明威的《老人与海》描述了一个自信乐观的老渔民桑迪亚哥，国内外许多评论家从不同视角对《老人与海》进行研究。 

　　本文旨在从生态批评的角度对《老人与海》进行解读，分为五个部分。引论阐述了生态批评的发展及海明威生态思想的形成。第二部分通过对海洋与海洋生物以及小说的生态背景的描写来论述人与自然之间的和谐。第三部分通过老渔民与其他人之间的关系，论述了人与人之间的和谐。第四部分论述了老渔民在自然世界中的经历帮助他重建精神上的和谐。最后一部分指出《老人与海》中体现的生态思想对当今我们构建和谐社会有现实的指导意义。

　　当前，随着自然环境的恶化及和谐社会构建，本文对于引导现在人们更加注重环境问题，唤醒人们精神世界的和谐有着重大意义。

关键词： 生态批评；老人与海；和谐