ABSTRACT:The Catcher in the Rye is a novel written by J. D. Salinger, a famous American writer. The novel presents a serious of madman stuff that happens, a lonely middle school student who is in the edge of the main stream in society before Christmas. There are lots of detailed descriptions to the phony surroundings around Holden. This paper, by analyzing the surroundings around the Protagonist, Holden, explores their influence on him. What Holden seeing and hearing in the surroundings made his inner world suffer from contradiction, depression, frustration, loneliness, despair and even had thought of committing suicide. The psychological distortion is closely related to the phony world he lives in. This paper aims at deepening the adult to understand much more about the teenagers, how the educational systems cultivate teenagers are worthwhile of thinking profoundly for the whole society.  

Key words: Surroundings; Influence on; Rebellion; Psychological Distortion; Escape

摘要:《麦田里的守望者》是美国著名作家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格的一部长篇小说，小说讲述徘徊在主流社会边缘的中学生霍尔顿在圣诞节前所经历的一系列荒唐事，小说对霍尔顿周围的虚伪的环境进行了细致的刻画。本文通过分析书中主人公霍尔顿周围的环境，揭示环境对他造成的影响。环境使他的内心世界饱受矛盾、苦闷、孤独、绝望的折磨，甚至导致他有自杀倾向；环境使他心理扭曲。本文也旨在表明成人应该加深对未成年人的了解，反思对未成年的培养和教育方式。 

关键词: 环境；影响；反抗；心理扭曲；逃离

　　　As it is known to all, teens should be one of the happiest periods in life. Most of them live in a wonderful life without any sufferings. But Holden, also a teenager, often feels lonesome. He loves his home and looks for family love, but he could not get adequate love and spiritual supports from his family. Though Holden is sincere and faithful to his teachers and friends, he feels betrayed by several people. Under the condition that he meets in school and family, he wants to look for something better in outside world. When he goes out from school, he realizes that it is full of perverts and morons, screwballs all over the places.  

　　　 In the novel, Holden feels depressed for many times, it indicates that the surroundings are indifferent and selfish. He desires to search for an ideal place in somewhere out West where there are no communications with others, it is clear that kind of dream could not come true. All of these made him pretty run-down. Holden’ suffering is the symbol of lacking in belief and safety in post- war America, though the fast economic development and the large amount of bourgeois come into being, material life is largely satisfied. From it we could guess the indifference in society and the concept that put money and material as the first in America in that period.