摘要:公益诉讼源于罗马法，是相对于私益诉讼而言的，对于我国是否应当建立公益诉讼制度是时下诉讼法学界的热门话题。然而构建公益诉讼在我国面临许多的阻碍：首先公益诉权保障的缺失导致非直接当事人无权起诉；其次当事人适格制度提高了诉讼条件，限制了非直接当事人提起公益诉讼的权利；再次公益诉讼无法可依导致法院无权受理；最后诉讼费用及败诉风险抑制了公民的公益诉讼积极性。本文从我国公益纠纷的现状出发，阐述了在我国构建公益诉讼制度的必要性和迫切性，进之论述了我国构建公益诉讼制度的理论依据，力图通过分析理论依据和借鉴国外较为成熟的公益诉讼制度，探索适合我国国情的公益诉讼构建路径，以期对建立和完善我国公益诉讼制度有所裨益。

关键词：公益诉讼；诉权；诉讼主体；程序保障

Abstract:Public interest litigation derived from Roman Law,is comparative with the private interest litigation .It is a hot topic in modern procedure jurisprudence about whether establish a public interest litigation or not.However,the construction of public interest litigation in China faces many obstacles.First of all,the deficiency of Public interest litigation support would lead to the non-direct parties have unentitled to directly prosecute.Secondly,the system of proper party will heighten the condition of lawsuit,limiting rights for public interest litigation brought by the non-direct parties.Furthermore ,there are lawless for the public interest litergation,leading the court have non-entitlement to deal with it.Finally,the litigation cost and the risk of losing the lawsuit will 

inhibit the citizen's enthusiasm about the bublic interest litigation.Proceeding from the situation about public disputes in our country,this article will make a statement to the neccessity and urgancy about building Public interest litigation system and profoundly make a discussion about the theoretical basis in constructing Public interest litigation system.With analyzing the theoretical basis and taking reference from foreign country's successful public interest litigation system,we may explore the build path that comforms to China's actual conditions.Therefore it will in favor of building or amending Public interest litigation system in China.

Key words: public interest litigation；right of action；the subject of litigation；program security

　　　公益诉讼可溯至古罗马，但引起人们广泛关注则是在20世纪。所谓公益诉讼是指特定的国家机关、相关的组织或个人，依据法律法规的授权，对违反法律侵犯国家利益、社会公共利益、不特定多数人利益的行为，向法院提起诉讼，由法院追究其法律责任的活动。公益诉讼在本质上是对社会公共利益的一种保护，其构建的最终目的就是为了使受损害的公共利益能够得到有效救济。中国目前仍未建立公益诉讼制度，究其原因，主要是诉权理论方面的局限性。我国诉讼法领域长期以来认为只有合法权益受到违法侵害的人才有具有原告资格，这就明确排除了无利害关系人的诉权，从法律制度设计上排除了公益诉讼存在的可能性。