摘要:自首制度是一项重要的刑罚裁量制度，是我国刑法基本原则和基本政策的鲜明体现。由于自首是我国当今刑法中一个最重要的法定从宽处罚情节，理论上在诸如自首行为的本质、自首行为的构成要件等主要问题上尚未达成统一的认识,再加上现行立法关于自首的相关规定仍未完善健全, 在司法实践中，对自首的概念、认定和处罚方面仍存在颇多争议。本文通过对自首制度的理论进行系统的梳理，结合我国自首制度的历史发展，依据执法的宗旨，对我国自首制度缺陷分析，并指出完善我国自首制度的必要性，通过对自首制度的学习和思考，结合我国实践，提出完善我国自首制度的建议。

关键词：自首；刑罚制度；罪责刑相适应

Abstract:The surrender system is an important penalty measurement, is China's basic principles of criminal law and the basic policy on the embodiment of. Due to our current criminal law is one of the most important legal lenient punishment, in theory the essence of behavior, such as voluntary surrender surrender acts constituting elements and other major issues yet to reach unified understanding. Coupled with the existing legislation on the surrender of relevant provisions not perfect, in the judicial practice, the concept of surrender, determination and punishment is still controversial. This article through to the voluntary surrender system theory of the carding system, combine our country the development history of the system, according to law enforcement purpose, to our country the system defect analysis. And pointed out that the perfection of the system of necessity, based on the study and thinking of the surrender system, combined with the practice of our country, put forward to perfect the proposal of the surrender system in our country.

Key words: Surrender oneself；Punishment system；The crime punishment adapts

　　　自首制度，作为一项能够感召犯罪人悔过自新、自我改造以及有利于节约司法资源的刑罚制度，一直在我国刑事立法、司法和刑事政策中占据及其重要地位。法律所追求的理想状态是以最小的司法资源支出，实现刑罚的最佳效果和正义的最大化，而自首制度无疑是实现这一目标的最佳选择。从1979年我国刑法第一次使用了“自首”这一词，并区分了自首与坦白，到1997年刑法，第一次明确了自首的概念，规定了自首的构成要件，更进一步的完善了自首制度。但尽管如此，自首制度在实践中仍存在不足，亟需进一步的完善。