[摘要]  《牛虻》一书在我国翻译、出版迄今已有半个多世纪，该书曾引起了极大的关注，成为外国名著在我国传播和影响的经典之作。书中所描述的“牛虻”形象，也成为众多学者关注和研究的对象。本文从牛虻与蒙泰尼里、牛虻与琼玛、亚瑟与“牛虻”的关系在各个时期所发生的变化入手，分析牛虻人生历程转变过程中的心理因素，以他少年时期生活的突然变故和艰辛的流亡生涯为主线，简要分析促使其性格结构发生重大变化和重组的决定性因素。 

[关键词]  牛虻；曲折人生；心路历程

[Abstract]  The Gadfly has been translated and published for more than half a century in China. As one of the famous foreign works, this novel has drawn the great attention and made the great influence. The image of the gadfly what the novel describes has also become the object which for many scholars focused and researched. This paper intends to start from the change of the relationship between the gadfly and Montanelli,Gemma, Arthur in each period, analyze the psychological factor in the gadfly’s life. Furthermore, according to the suddenly changes in his childhood and his hard exile, analyze the decisive factor that prompted him change and reform his character structure.

[Key words]  the gadfly; tortuous life; mind experience

《牛虻》（1897）是爱尔兰女作家伏尼契创作的一部描写19世纪意大利爱国者反对奥地利统治者斗争的长篇小说。自其被译介到中国以来，引起了广大读者的热情关注，尤其在青少年中引起极大反响，成为外国名著在我国传播和影响的经典之作。书中所描述的“牛虻”形象，也成为众多学者关注和研究的对象。综观《牛虻》一书的感情主线，是以牛虻这一形象为中心，以牛虻成长过程中的影响对象为辐射因素而交织形成的，在牛虻与蒙泰尼里、牛虻与琼玛、亚瑟与“牛虻”之间关系的不断变化中，牛虻人生历程转变也影响着他心理的变化。其心理变化又映照出他的人生历程的不同阶段的变迁。本文从对牛虻心路历程的梳理入手，对他坎坷曲折的一生进行回顾和总结，从而认识该艺术形象的审美价值和观照现实的意义。