摘  要:低压断路器(又称自动空气开关) 是低压电网中一种重要的控制电器和保护电器，应用非常广泛。其中，脱扣器是低压断路器的检测和故障处理单元，它对被保护电路进行电参数的检测和判断，决定断路器是否动作和如何动作。

　　　本文采用的是通过利用单片机来具体实现的，其中智能脱扣器由单片机基本系统单元、模拟信号检测单元、开关量输入单元、执行电路、通信接口、人机接口、电源等部分组成。本文设计的主要工作流程为：检测来自电压互感器和电流互感器的电压、电流信号，并将其转换为数字信号输入单片机中进行数据的运算和逻辑判断，若判定到发生故障则由执行电路做出驱动断路器动作。通过本次设计，基本实现了预期的要求和目的对智能脱扣器的工作有了更深入的理解。本次设计也能够为低压断路器的工作系统带来更多的方便，使自动化在电力系统中有更多的应用。

关键词：断路器 单片机 数据转换 串行通信接口

ABSTRACT:Low voltage circuit breaker (also known as the automatic air switch) is an important in low voltage power grid control and protection of electrical appliances, application is very broad. Among them, the tripping device is the low voltage circuit breaker testing and fault processing unit, it is protection circuit for electric parameters testing and judgment, to decide whether circuit breaker action and how to action.

　　　In this paper is through the use of single chip microcomputer to the specific implementation, the intelligent tripping device by microcomputer basic system unit, analog signal detection unit, switch input unit, and executive circuit, communication interface, man-machine interface, power supply, etc. Parts. Designed in this paper the main work flow is: testing from the voltage transformer and current transformer, voltage, current signal and converts it to digital signal input microcontroller for data calculations and logical judgment, if decide to down the drive circuit breaker action made by the executive circuit. Through this design, the basic realization of the expected requirements and the purpose of the intelligent tripping device work has a more in-depth understanding. This design is able to work for low voltage circuit breaker system brings more convenience, have more applications in the automation in power system.

Keywords: The circuit breaker；Single chip microcomputer；Data conversion；Serial