中文摘要：随着全球化进程的加快，不同文化背景的人之间的交流也日趋频繁，但由于价值观念、风俗习惯、思维方式等方面的差异，语用失误几乎不可避免，从而影响跨文化交际的成功进行。本文从认知的角度分析跨文化交际中的语用失误以寻找减少或避免语用失误的方法，进而提升跨文化交际者的语用能力。

关键词：跨文化交际，语用失误，解决对策

CONTENTS

中文摘要

Abstract

1. Introduction-1

1.1 The background of the research-1

1.2 The significance of the research-1

1.3 The research status at home and abroad-1

1.3.1 Previous studies in abroad-2

1.3.2 Previous studies in China-2

2. Cross-cultural Communication-3

2.1 Culture-3

2.2 Communication-4

2.3 Cross-cultural Communication-4

3. Pragmatic Failure-5

3.1 Definition of pragmatic failure-5

3.2 Classification of pragmatic failure-5

3.2.1 Pragma-linguistic failure-6

3.2.2 Socio-pragmatic failure-6

4. Causes of Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failures-6

4.1 Different cultural backgrounds-7

4.2 Different customs-7

4.3 Different ways of thinking-8

4.4 Different lifestyles-9

5. Countermeasures against Pragmatic Failures-9

5.1 A Better understanding of foreign countries’ cultural backgrounds-10

5.2 Enhancement of our cultural awareness-10

5.3 Cultivation of our pragma-linguistic and socio-pragmatic competence-10

6. Conclusion-11

Works Cited-12