中文摘要：随着学术界对中国传统文化现象研究的深入，鬼文化越来越被人们所关注。相似地，跨文化研究是当今的一个热门话题，尤其是在中国和西方国家之间，因其特殊性和研究成果的匮乏而具有极强的研究价值。本文首先将追溯中国鬼文化和西方（尤其是东欧）鬼文化的起源和发展，细数其影响力较大的志鬼文学，然后重点关注两个地区最有代表性的小说——《聊斋志异》和《德古拉》，从民俗学和文学两个角度开展进一步的比较分析。

本文认为两个地区对于鬼的定义，特征，召唤和狩猎之间存在明显的差异，包括它们的形象、活动场所、性格、力量、诉求以及一些驱鬼神物。在女鬼形象的塑造中，两部小说以类似的方式刻画了女性群体身份的变化，以及女性引诱异性的固化形象。此外，本文主张鬼实际上是人的异化，志鬼文学中鬼文化的存续本质上是社会选择的结果，并且个人价值在其中得到了极大的体现。本文还将分别讨论这两本小说中期望体现的主题和隐喻。最后，从历史、宗教和地理的层面进一步解释相异的原因。

关键词: 鬼；吸血鬼；德古拉；聊斋志异

Abstract

With the in-depth study of traditional Chinese culture in academia, ghost culture has attracted more and more attention from scholars. Likewise, cross-cultural study is a hot-spot topic nowadays, especially between China and the West. This thesis will firstly track the origin and development of the ghost cultures in both China and the West (especially Eastern Europe) and run through their influential ghost novels. It will focus on Liao Zhai Zhi Yi and Dracula, the most representative novels of the two regions, and conduct a comparative study from the perspectives of folklore and literature. 

This thesis claims that there are apparent differences in the definition, traits (including the images, place of activity, personality, supernatural power, the thirst and apotropes), summoning and hunting of ghosts between the two regions. In the shaping of female ghosts, the vicissitude of the groups’ identity is similarly portrayed in some way in the two novels with a fixed image of seducing the opposite sex. Besides, this article argues that ghosts are actually human alienation, and the existence of ghost culture in ghost literature is essentially the result of social choice, in which individual values are greatly manifested. Also, the thesis will respectively discuss the themes and metaphors chiefly exhibited in the two novels. In addition, this article will further explain the reasons of these differences from the aspects of history, geography and religion.

Key words: ghost ; vampire; Dracula; Liao Zhai Zhi Yi